用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是一種既涉及過去,又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在的一種時(shí)態(tài),表示過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果或影響。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。規(guī)則變化的過去分詞與動(dòng)詞過去式的變化一樣,在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):主語+have/has+been+動(dòng)詞ing(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)
一、表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以來我一直在學(xué)英語。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
二、表示在說話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)
三、有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
四、大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
I have been writing a book.(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
They have built a bridge.他們造了一座橋。(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
