高中英語直接引語與間接引語知識點總結（一）
一、概述
引用或轉述別人說的話時有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(direct speech)。用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語(indirect speech)。一般地講，直接引語前后要加引號，間接引語不用引號，而用賓語從句來表達。
Mr. Black said,“I'm busy.”布菜克先生說：“我很忙”。（直接引語）
Mr. Black saidthat he was busy.布菜克先生說他很忙。（賓語從句是間接引語）
從上例看來，直接引語改為間接引語時,除將直接引語改為賓語從句之外，還須對直接引語中的人稱和時態進行相應的變化，如上例直接引語中的I改成了he, am則改成了was。現將由直接引語改為間接引語時應注意的問題,分述如下：
二、直接引語是陳述句時
直接引語如果是陳述句，變為間接引語時，用連詞that引導（that在口語中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動詞，從句中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。
1、人稱的變化
直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)變為與主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you，your，yours)變為和主句的間接賓語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據上下文的體會人為確定一個人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)變為間接引語時，人稱不變。
He said , “Ilikeitvery much.” 他說：“我非常喜歡它”。
→He saidthathelikeditvery much. 他說他非常喜歡它。(I改為he, it不變)
He said, “Youtoldmethis story.”他說：“你給我講過這個故事。”
→He said thatIhad toldhimthat story.他說我給他講過那個故事。(You改為I, me改為him, told改為had told)
He said to me, “She’sleftherbook inyourroom”.他對我說：“她把書放在你的房間里去了。”
He told me thatshe hadleftherbook inmyroom. 他對我說她把書放在我的房間里去了。（She’s→she had， her不變，your→my）
2、時態的變化
（1）主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時
如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要作相應的變化。直接引語改為間接引語時,動詞時態相應變化表：
He said, “I usuallywatchTV on Sunday.”他說：“我常在星期天看電視”。
→He said that he usuallywatchedTV on Sunday.他說他常在星期天看電視。
He said, “I'm usingthe knife.”他說：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that hewas usingthe knife.他說他正在用小刀。
She said, “Ihave not heardfrom him since May.”她說：“自從五月份來我就沒有收到他的來信。”
→She said that shehad notheard from him since May. 她說自從五月份以來她就沒收到他的來信。
He said，“Icameto help you.”他說：“我來幫助你。”
→He said thathe had cometo help me.他說他來幫助我。
He said, “Ihad finishedmy homework before supper.”他說：“晚飯前我己做完了作業。”
→He said that hehad finishedhis homework before supper.他說晚飯前他己做完了作業。
Zhou Lan said, “I'll doit after class.”周蘭說：“下課后我就去做。”
→Zhou Lan said that shewould doit after class.周蘭說下課后她就去做。
He said,“Ishall be doingmy homework then.”他說：“那時我將正在做作業。”
→He said that heshould be doinghis homework then.他說那時他將正在做作業。
He said, “Weshall have finishedthe work by that time.”他說：“我們將在那時以前完成工作。”
→He said that theyshould have finishedthe work by that time.他說他們將在那時以前完成工作。
注意：直接引語如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變為間接引語時，時態不變。
The teacher said, “The earthisround. ”老師說：“地球是圓的。”
→The teacher said that the earthisround.老師說地球是圓的。
He said, “Iwasborn in Shangdong in 1965.”他說: “我1965年生于山東。”
→He said that hewasborn in Shangdong in 1965. 他說他1965年生于山東。
He said, “ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.”他說：“哥倫布在1492年發現了美洲。”
→He said ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他說哥倫布在1492年發現了美洲。
（2）主句的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時
如果主句的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時，直接引語變為間接引語時，時態一律不變
He says, “Ifinishedthe work.”他說：“我做完工作了。”
He says that hefinishedthe work. 他說他做完工作了。
He will say, “Ihave wateredthe flowers.”他會說：“我己經澆花了。”
He will say hehas wateredthe flowers. 他會說他己經澆花了。
高中英語直接引語與間接引語知識點總結（二）
直接引語與間接引語
定義：
直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。
例：He said:" It is too late."
間接引語：用自己的話轉述別人的話，多數以賓語從句的形式構成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引語與間接引語的轉換：
一、人稱代詞的變化：
直接引語變間接引語時，人稱代詞的變化一般規律是：
第一人稱→第三人稱；
第二人稱→第一人稱；
第三人稱→第三人稱。
簡記為“二一、一三、三留”。
例："I'm thinking of changing my address." he said.
→ He said that he was thinking of changing his address.（I和he指同一個人）
Xiao Ming asked me, "Are you going to the park with us?"
→ Xiao Ming asked me if I wasgoing to the park with them.（us與them指相同的人，XiaoMing是其中的一員；me和you指同一個人）
Mr. Li said, "She will attend the meeting."
→ Mr. Li saidthatshewouldattendthemeeting.（Mr. Li和she不是同一個人） 但當說話者是第一人稱，直接引語中的主語也是第一人稱時，不作變化。
I said to my children, "I will give you some presents on Christmas Day."
→ I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day. （I為同一說話者）
二、時態的變化：
直接引語變間接引語時，時態的變化規律是往“過去”相應的時態推移：
一般現在時→一般過去時，
一般將來時→過去將來時，
現在進行時→過去進行時，
現在完成時→過去完成時，
一般過去時/過去完成時→過去完成時。
如：My father told me, "He will come back next week."
→ My father told me that he would come back the next week.
She asked me, "Did you finish your homework?"
→ She asked me if I had finished my homework.
注意：直接引語屬下列情況時，時態不作變化：
1、直接引語屬真理或客觀事實時：
如：The teacher said to us, "Light runs much faster than sound."
→ The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound.
2、主句謂語動詞是現在或將來某個時態：
如：The old man often says, "I joined the Red Army when I was young."
→ The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young.
3、直接引語帶有具體的過去時間狀語時：
如：The politics teacher said to us, "The party was founded in 1921."
→ The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921.
4、直接引語謂語有情態動詞：had better，would rather及need，must，oughtto等時：
如：He said to me, "I would rather live in the countryside."
→ He told me that he would rather live in the countryside.
5、直接引語為虛擬語氣謂語時 e.g.Shesaid,"IwouldbehappyifIwereabird."→ Shesaidthatshewouldbehappyifshewereabird.
三、句型的變化：
直接引語變間接引語時，句型要作適當變化：
1、變陳述句為由that引導的從句（that常省略）：
如："I want to improve my English at school," said the child.
→ The child said(that) he wanted to improve his English at school.
2、變一般疑問句為由if/whether引導的從句：
如："Are you sure he will come today?"Jenny asked Helen.
→ Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day.
3、變選擇疑問句為由whether...or.../whether...or not引導的從句：
如："Is he a director or an actor?" she asked me.
→ She asked me whether he was a director or an actor.
4、變反意問句時，要視說話者的語氣而定：
（1）表示疑問時，先需去掉后面的反意問句部分，再按一般疑問句變化。
如："You haven't finished your composition, have you?" the teacher said to me.
→ The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition.
（2）表示提醒或警告等特別語氣時，先按陳述句變化，再把間接引語前的動詞更換為表示相應語氣的動詞remind，warn等。
如："You're late for class, aren't you?" the teacher said angrily to me.
→ The teacher warned me that I was late for class.
5、變特殊疑問詞開頭的問句為原特殊疑問詞引導的從句：
如："When did you come here?" Tom asked Jim.
→ Tom asked Jim when he had gone there.
6、變祈使句為不定式短語，作動詞ask，tell，order，beg，request，advise，offer，warn等的賓語補足語，賓語為說話者的對象，選什么動詞，視情況而定：
如：The doctor said to the patient, "Don't eat oily food again."
→ The doctor advised the patient not to eat oily food again.
7、變感嘆句為how或what引出的從句，也可用that引出從句：
如："How clever a boy he is." the teacher said to the mother.
→ The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.
或：The teacher told the mother that he was clever boy.
8、直接引語是多個句子時，按其句型特點，用上面的方法分別處理，并用and連接：
如：Mrs. Smith said, "I don't know the way to the station. How can I get there?"
→ Mrs. Smith said that she didn't know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there.
9、若直接引語是What's the matter?/What has happened?/What's wrong with...? 時，變成間接引語語序不變：
如："What's the matter?" said he.
→ He asked me what was the matter.
直接引語變間接引語詞語轉化對比：
| 直接引語 | 間接引語 |
| this, these | that, those |
| here | there |
| now | then |
| today,tonight | that day,that night |
| this evening | that evening |
| last week | the week before |
| tomorrow | the next/following day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| next week/month/year | the next week/month/ year |
| ago | before |
| come | go |
注意：如果在當時轉述別人話，不必要改變時間狀語；在原地轉述別人的話，也不必改變地點狀語，同樣，come也不一定要改為go。
如：John said just now, "I came here yesterday."
→John said just now that he came here yesterday.