高中英語過去進行時的被動語態知識點總結（一）
過去進行時的被動語態的概念：
表示過去某個時刻正在進行或者發生的被動性的動作。過去進行時的被動語態構成：Was / were + being +動詞的過去分詞
如：They were planting trees at this time yesterday. （主動語態）
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday. （過去進行時被動語態）
過去進行時態的被動語態的基本結構的構成：
1、過去進行時態的被動語態的肯定式為：was/were+being+done。
如：Computer was being majored by him during his college. 他那時正在大學學計算機專業。
Another bridgewas being built over the Changjiang River then. 那時長江上正在建造另一座大橋。
2、過去進行時態的被動語態的否定式為：was/were+not+being+done。
如： The movie star wasn't being stalked by a fan. 那個電影明星正在被一個粉絲跟蹤.
3、過去進行時態的被動語態的一般疑問句需將was/were提到主語的前面。（回答用yes或no）
如：Was a new library being put up in their school just then？他們學校當時正在建一座新圖書館嗎。
4、過去進行時態的被動語態的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞+was/were+(主語)+being+done。
如：What was being done to the machine? 對這臺機器要采取了什么措施？
過去進行時態的被動語態的用法：
1、過去進行時態的被動語態的同它的主動語態一樣，表示過去正在進行的被動動作。
He is be inginter viewed by our head master now.他正在接受我們校長的采訪。
This film is being shown now.這部電影正在被放映。
2、過去進行時態的被動語態一般不與表示一段時間的狀語或表示次數的狀語連用，這時需要用完成時態的被動語態。
如：The watch is being repaired twice. 改成 The watch has been reparied twice.
The house over there is being built for two months. 改成The house over there has been built for two months.
4、少數及物動詞的的進行時表示按計劃、安排將要承受某個動作。
如：Some rock music is being played by them next.下面將由他們演奏一些搖滾音樂。
A party is being held tonight.今晚將舉辦一場晚會。
高中英語過去進行時的被動語態知識點總結（二）
各種時態的被動語態
一、八大時態的被動語態的構成：
1．一般現在時的被動語態構成：（am/is/are +done）如：
I am asked to study hard.我被請求努力學習。
This shirt is washed once a week.這件T恤一周洗一次。
These songs are usually sung by boys.這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。
2．一般過去時的被動語態構成：（was/were done）如：
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.這位戰士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。
Some notes were passed up to the speaker.有人給講演者遞上來一些紙條。
3．一般將來時的被動語態構成：（shall/will be done）如：
We shall be asked a lot of strange questions.我們將被問許多怪題。
My son will be sent to school next September.來年九月我將送我兒子去讀書。
4．過去將來時的被動語態構成：（should/would be done）如：
The news would be sent to him as soon as it arrived.消息一到就會轉給他的。
He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.他告訴我新鐵路將在明年修建。
5．現在完成時的被動語態構成：（has/have been done）如：
The work has just been finished.工作剛剛結束。
Theoldruleshavebeendoneawaywithbyus.舊規章已經被我們廢除了。
6．過去完成時的被動語態構成：（had been done）如：
By last December three ships had been built by them.到去年十二月底他們已建造了三艘船。
100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.在去年年底前生產了100輛拖拉機。
7．現在進行時的被動語態構成：（am/is/are being done）如：
Thebridgeisbeingrepaired.橋梁正在修復中。
The new library is being built by the workers.新的圖書館正在被工人們建設中。
8．過去進行時的被動語態構成：（was/were being done）如：
A meeting was being held when I was there.我在時，會議在開著。
The college was being built at this time last year.去年這個時候這所大學正在建設中。
二、被動語態的用法：
1．強調動作的承受者(有時用by短語來強調動作的執行者)：
Xiao Li was made monitor of the class.小李被選為班長。
This work must be done by you, and not by me.這件工作必須由你做，而不是我來做。
2．不知道或不必說出動作的執行者：
His bike was stolen last night.他的自行車昨晚被人偷走了。
Every year a lot os people are killed in the traffic accidents.
每年都有許多人死于交通事故。
3．為了表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作執行者或說話者自己：
Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.希望大家遵守以下規定。
You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m. tomorrow.
敬請您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語晚會。
4．動作的執行者是無生命的事物：
The house was struck by lightning.那房子被閃電所擊中。
The famous museum was practically ruined by the big fire.
大火使這家著名的博物館幾乎全部毀壞。
5．使句子連接自然或更加簡潔、勻稱。
The old professor gave a lecture on American hisotry and was well received.
這位老教授作了一個有關美國歷史的講座，受到大家的熱烈歡迎。
The book which had been lost was found and was returned to the library.
那本丟失的書找到后被還回到圖書館。
三、特殊情況下的被動語態：
1．帶情態動詞的被動結構，其形式為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞，如：
This must be kept in mind.我們必須把這個記在心里。
I ought to be criticized for it.我應該為此受到批評.
2．帶雙賓語的被動結構，習慣上把間賓提前，也可把直賓提前，但不要遺漏介詞：
IwasgivenatoyatChristmas.或AtoywasgiventomeatChristmas.
父親在圣誕節送我一個玩具。
Hewasofferedsomeassistance.或Someassistancewasofferedtohim.
他們向他提供一些幫助。
3．帶復合賓語的被動結構，只將賓語提前，賓補不動（但make, see, hear等賓補省略的to，
變被動結構時要加to）。
The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.男孩被看到正在吸煙。
They were made to work day and night.他們被迫黑天白天得工作。
四、被動語態與系表結構的區別：
被動語態與系表結構都是由“be+過去分詞”來構成，其區別如下：
1．如果強調動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執行者，該句一般為被動語態，否則為系表結構。
The glass is broken．玻璃杯碎了。（系表結構）
The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被動語態）
2．如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態。
The door is locked．門鎖上了。（系表結構）
The door has already/just been locked．門已經被鎖上了。（被動語態）
3．被動語態除用于一般時態和完成時態外，還可以用于進行或將來時態，而系表結構中的系動詞be
只有一般時態和完成時態。
The machine is being repaired．正在修理機器。（被動語態）
A new school will be built here．將在這里建一所新學校。（被動語態）
被動語態練習題：
I．主動語態和被動語態互變：
1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.
2.His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
3.You can hand in your homework tomorrow.
4.The nurse is taking care of the sick man.
5.You must lock the door when you leave.
6.I was made a new dress by aunt. /A new dress was made for me by aunt.
7.Apicturewasboughtforme.
8.He was heard to sing in his room just now.
9.A new public school will be set up here.
10.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
一般將來時態的被動語態
一、一般將來時態的被動語態的基本結構的構成：
1．一般將來時態的被動語態的肯定式為：shall / will + be + done。(shall用于第一人稱；will用于各種人稱)如：
We shall be punished if we break the rule.
如果我們違反規定，我們將要受到懲罰。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
這部新電影將在下周四上映。
2．一般將來時態的被動語態的否定式為：shall / will + not + be + done.（可縮寫成shan’t或won’t）如：
The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
明天不再舉行會議。
The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展覽會將不會推遲到下周。
3．一般將來時態的被動語態的一般疑問句需將shall / will提到主語的前面。（回答用yes或no）如：
Won’t water be turned into ice, it it is belwo freezing?
如果氣溫在冰點之下，水難道不會變成冰嗎？
---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will.
---這項工作會立刻被完成嗎？---是的，立刻就完成。
4．一般將來時態的被動語態的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞+ shall / will + S + be + done。如：
When will these books be published?
這些書將在什么時候被出版？
Whom will this book be written by?
誰來寫這本書？
二、一般將來時態的被動語態的其他結構構成：
1．be going to be done
Some old buildings are going to be put down.
一些舊的樓房將被推倒。
The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
這個問題將不在明天的會議上被討論。
---Are these trees going to be cut down？---Yes，they are.
---這些樹將被砍倒嗎？---是的，將被砍倒
2．be to be done
The sports meet is to be held on April 10.
運動會將于四月十日舉行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚將不會修理這些機器。
---Are new textbooks to be published next week？---No, they aren’t.
新教科書將在下周出版嗎？不，不是。
三、一般將來時態的被動語態的用法：
1．一般將來時態的被動語態的同它的主動語態一樣，強調表示根據計劃或安排將要發生的被動性動作。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
這部新電影將在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited toBeijing.
好多運動員將被邀請到北京來。
2．在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般現在時的被動語態代替一般將來時的被動語態。如：
When the dam is completed, theChangjiang Riverwill be controlled.
當大壩竣工時，長江將得到控制。
If I am given enough time, I will go toJapanfor my holiday.
如果我有足夠的時間，我將去日本度假。
3．表示有固定性條件就有規律性被動結果。如：
Heated to 100·c , water will be turned into steam.
加熱到100度時，水將會變成蒸氣。
If you speak in class, you will be punished.
如果你在課堂上講話，你將會被懲罰。
II.主動句變被動句：
1. We shall discuss the question at the next meeting.
2. I shall give you the book tomorrow.
3. The chairman will ask us to attend the meeting.
4. He will soon decide when we shall have the meeting.
5. If the weather permits, we will complete the works on time.
6. If you give me more time, I’ll work out the problem.
Many people speak English.
謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。
被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。
主動態和被動態指的是動詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結構，從而是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子。
例如：He opened the door.他開了門。(主動句)
The door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)
二、被動語態的構成
被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。
一般現在時：am／is／are＋taught
一般過去時：was／were＋taught
一般將來時：will／shall be＋taught
現在進行時：am／is／are being＋taught
過去進行時：have／has been＋taught
現在完成時：have／has been＋taught
歌訣是：被動語態be字變，過去分詞跟后面。
三、被動語態的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰。
例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)
This book was published in 1981.這本書出版于1981年。
(2)強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。
This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。
歌訣：誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要；
動作承受者需強調，被動語態運用到。
四、主動語態變被動語態的方法
(1)把主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(2)把謂語變成被動結構(be＋過去分詞)
(根據被動語態句子里的主語的人稱和數，以及原來主動語態句子中動詞的時態來決定be的形式)。
(3)把主動語態中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。
謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。
五、含有情態動詞的被動語態
含有情態動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞”構成，原來帶to的情態動詞變成被動語態后“to”仍要保留。
歌訣是：情態動詞變動，情態加be加“過分”，原來帶to要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once